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| Post = Zhaolie | Era = Zhangwu | Other = Liu Yuzhou Liu Yuchow in Chinese Postal Map Romanisation spelling)〔In 194, Tao Qian memorialised Emperor Xian to make Liu Bei the Inspector (刺史) of Yu Province (Yuzhou) but his request was not recognised by the Han court. However, "Liu Yuzhou" became Liu Bei's self-given title and became known to the public at that time. (The formal Governor of Yu Province, Guo Gong (郭貢), was busy fighting Cao Cao then, and did not bother about Liu Bei's usurpation of his governorship.) See ''Zizhi Tongjian'', vol. 61. Later, Liu Bei received official recognition as Governor of Yu Province (豫州牧) by Cao Cao as a reward for his assistance in vanquishing Lü Bu.〕 }} Liu Bei (; 161 – 10 June 223), courtesy name Xuande, was a warlord in the late Eastern Han dynasty who founded the state of Shu Han in the Three Kingdoms period and became its first ruler. Despite having a later start than his rivals and lacking both the material resources and social status they commanded, Liu Bei overcame his many defeats to carve out his own realm, which at its peak spanned present-day Sichuan, Chongqing, Guizhou, Hunan, parts of Hubei, and parts of Gansu. Culturally, due to the popularity of the historical novel ''Romance of the Three Kingdoms'' by Luo Guanzhong, Liu Bei is widely known as an ideal benevolent, humane ruler who cared for his people and selected good advisers for his government. His fictional counterpart in the novel was a salutary example of a ruler who adhered to the Confucian set of moral values, such as loyalty and compassion. Historically, Liu Bei was a brilliant politician and leader whose skill was a remarkable demonstration of a Legalist. His political philosophy can best be described by the Chinese idiom "Confucian in appearance but Legalist in substance" (), a style of governing which had become the norm after the founding of the Han dynasty.〔Throughout Chinese history, no successful emperor had ruled purely based on Confucianism (though some did purely used Legalism). Numerous researches such as ''Political Reality of Transforming Legalism by Confucianism in the Western Han Dynasty as Seen from Selection System'' by Wang Bao Ding, or (''Aspects of Legalist Philosophy and the Law in Ancient China: The Chi'an and Han Dynasties and Rediscovered Manuscript of Mawangdui and Shuihudi'' ) by Matthew August LeFande, have pointed out most ancient Chinese dynasties after Qin had ruled by a mix of Legalism and Confucianism.〕 ==Physical appearance== The historical text ''Records of the Three Kingdoms'' described Liu Bei as a man seven ''chi'' and five ''cun'' tall, with long arms that extended beyond his knees, and ears so large that he could see them.〔(身長七尺五寸，垂手下膝，顧自見其耳。) Chen Shou. ''Records of the Three Kingdoms'', Volume 32, Biography of Liu Bei.〕 The historical novel ''Romance of the Three Kingdoms'' by Luo Guanzhong gave a similar description about Liu Bei's physical appearance, but with additional features. It mentioned that Liu Bei was seven ''chi'' and five ''cun'' tall, with ears so large that they touched his shoulders and that he could even see them, long arms that extended beyond his knees, a fair and handsome face, and lips so red that it seemed as though he wore lipstick.〔(生得身長七尺五寸，兩耳垂肩，雙手過膝，目能自顧其耳，面如冠玉，唇如塗脂) Luo Guanzhong. ''Romance of the Three Kingdoms'', Chapter 1.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Liu Bei」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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